{"id":47518,"date":"2026-01-10T16:58:32","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T16:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?p=47518"},"modified":"2026-01-10T23:09:45","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T23:09:45","slug":"piper-alpha-disaster-1988","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/piper-alpha-disaster-1988\/","title":{"rendered":"Piper Alpha Disaster (1988)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"mh-dossier\" id=\"mh-dossier-top\">\n\n  <!-- HERO -->\n  <section class=\"mh-dossier__hero\">\n    <div>\n      <p class=\"mh-dossier__eyebrow\">Incident dossier<\/p>\n      <h2 class=\"mh-dossier__h\">Piper Alpha Disaster (1988)<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"mh-dossier__dek\">\n        A technical narrative of failure, escalation, and regulatory change.\n        Written as an engineering case study \u2014 not a blog summary.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"mh-dossier__meta\">\n        <span class=\"mh-chip\">Offshore<\/span>\n        <span class=\"mh-chip\">Process safety<\/span>\n        <span class=\"mh-chip\">Major accident<\/span>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <nav class=\"mh-dossier__toc\">\n      <strong>On this page<\/strong>\n      <ol>\n        <li><a href=\"#story\">The story<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#what\">What happened<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#escalation\">Escalation<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#barriers\">Barrier failures<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#response\">Emergency response<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#changed\">What changed<\/a><\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"#sources\">Official sources<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ol>\n    <\/nav>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- KEY FACTS -->\n  <section class=\"mh-keyfacts\">\n    <div class=\"mh-facts\">\n      <div><strong>Date:<\/strong> 6\u20137 July 1988<\/div>\n      <div><strong>Location:<\/strong> North Sea (UKCS)<\/div>\n      <div><strong>Operator:<\/strong> Occidental Petroleum (UK)<\/div>\n      <div><strong>Fatalities:<\/strong> 167<\/div>\n      <div><strong>Survivors:<\/strong> 61<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- FULL WIDTH NARRATIVE -->\n  <section id=\"story\">\n    <h3>The story<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      Piper Alpha was not destroyed by an unpredictable technical fault.\n      It failed because its operating reality drifted far beyond its original design assumptions.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      Originally built as an oil-only platform, Piper Alpha was later modified\n      to process and export gas \u2014 becoming a hub within a highly pressurised pipeline network.\n      The hazards changed. The safety philosophy did not.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section id=\"what\">\n    <h3>What happened<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      On 6 July 1988, Condensate Pump A was taken out of service for maintenance.\n      Its pressure safety valve was removed and the open pipework sealed with a temporary blind flange.\n      The pump was not safe to operate.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      During the night shift, Pump B tripped. Production pressure mounted.\n      Operators searched the permit system, found the pump permit \u2014 but not the suspended PSV permit.\n      Believing Pump A to be intact, they restarted it.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      Gas escaped, ignited, and the first explosion destroyed the control room.\n      From that moment, the platform had no effective command.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section id=\"escalation\">\n    <h3>Escalation mechanics<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      Once sustained jet fires were established, escalation was governed by physics \u2014\n      heat flux, inventory size, and structural degradation.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      When the Tartan gas riser failed, enormous quantities of gas fed the fire.\n      Further pipeline failures followed. Isolation came too late.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section id=\"barriers\">\n    <h3>Barrier failures<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      Permit-to-work systems are safety systems. When they degrade into paperwork,\n      the plant enters an unknown state.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      Engineering barriers \u2014 segregation, firewalls, control room survivability \u2014\n      were not designed for sustained gas explosions.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section id=\"response\">\n    <h3>Emergency response &#038; evacuation<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      With the control room destroyed, no coordinated evacuation order was issued.\n      Personnel followed training and gathered in the accommodation block.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      Smoke ingress, heat, and system failures turned the refuge into a trap.\n      Survivors were those who abandoned procedure and escaped into the sea.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <section id=\"changed\">\n    <h3>What changed afterwards<\/h3>\n    <p>\n      The Cullen Inquiry introduced the Safety Case regime,\n      placing responsibility for major accident hazard control firmly on operators.\n    <\/p>\n    <p>\n      Emergency systems are now expected to survive the initiating event \u2014\n      not merely exist on paper.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/section>\n\n <section id=\"sources\" class=\"mh-sources\">\n  <h3>Official sources<\/h3>\n\n  <div class=\"mh-acc__item\">\n    <button class=\"mh-acc__toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n      Cullen Inquiry \u2013 Volume 1\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"mh-acc__body\" style=\"display:none;\">\n      <p>\n        <a class=\"mh-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/offshore\/assets\/docs\/piper-alpha-public-inquiry-volume1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cullen Report \u2013 Volume 1 (PDF, HSE)<\/a>\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <div class=\"mh-acc__item\">\n    <button class=\"mh-acc__toggle\" type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n      Cullen Inquiry \u2013 Volume 2\n    <\/button>\n    <div class=\"mh-acc__body\" style=\"display:none;\">\n      <p>\n        <a class=\"mh-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/offshore\/assets\/docs\/piper-alpha-public-inquiry-volume2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cullen Report \u2013 Volume 2 (PDF, HSE)<\/a>\n      <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/section>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"mh-memorial\" aria-labelledby=\"mh-memorial-title\">\n  <h3 id=\"mh-memorial-title\">Remembering<\/h3>\n  <p class=\"mh-memorial__sub\">167 Souls Lost<\/p>\n\n  <div class=\"mh-memorial__grid\" role=\"list\">\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert ADAMS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">George ANDERSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ian ANDERSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John ANDERSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Mark ASHTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Wilson BAIN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Barry BARBER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Craig BARCLAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan BARR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Brian BATCHELOR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Amabile Jim BORG<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Hugh BRACKENRIDGE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Sandy BREMNER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Eric BRIANCHON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Hugh BRISTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Henry BROWN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stephen BROWN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Gordon BRUCE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James BRUCE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Carl BUSSE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David CAMPBELL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David A CAMPBELL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander CARGILL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert CARROLL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan CARTER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert CLELAND<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stephen COLE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Hugh CONNOR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John COOKE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John COOPER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Bill COUTTS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William COWIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael COX<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan CRADDOCK<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Edward CROWDEN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Bernard CURTIS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Jose DA SILVA<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John DAWSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Eric DEVERELL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Charles DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Eric DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Thomas DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William DUNCAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David ELLIS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Douglas FINDLAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Harry FLOOK<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">George FOWLER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alex FREW<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Samuel GALLACHER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Miguel GALVEZ<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ernie GIBSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Albert GILL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ian GILLANDERS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Kevin GILLIGAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Shaun GLENDINNING<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John GOLDTHORP<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stephen GOODWIN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James GORDON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David GORMAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Kenneth GRAHAM<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Peter GRANT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Cyril GRAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Harold GREEN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael GROVES<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John HACKETT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ian HAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Thomas HAYES<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James HEGGIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David HENDERSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Philip HOUSTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Duncan JENNINGS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Jeffrey JONES<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Christopher KAVANAGH<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William KELLY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ian KILLINGTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John KIRBY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stuart KNOX<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alex LAING<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Terence LARGUE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Graham LAWRIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Findlay LEGGAT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Brian LITHGOW<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert LITTLEJOHN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Martin LONGSTAFFE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Raymond MAHONEY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John Morrison MARTIN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Sidney Ian McBOYLE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert McCALL<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James McCULLOCH<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alistair McDONALD<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander McELWEE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Thomas McEWAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William McGREGOR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Frederick McGURK<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William McINTOSH<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Gordon McKAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Charles McLAUGHLIN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Neil McLEOD<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Francis McPAKE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David McWHINNIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Dugald McWILLIAMS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Carl MEARNS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Derek MILLAR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan MILLER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Frank MILLER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John MOLLOY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Les MORRIS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Bruce MUNRO<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">George MURRAY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James NIVEN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Graham NOBLE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael O\u2019SHEA<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert PEARSTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Ian PIPER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Wasyl POCHRYBNIAK<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Raymond PRICE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Neil PYMAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Terence Stephen QUINN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William RAEBURN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Donald REID<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert REID<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Gordon RENNIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert RICHARD<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan RIDDOCH<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Adrian ROBERTS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander ROBERTSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Donald ROBERTSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Gary ROSS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael RYAN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stanley SANGSTER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James SAVAGE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael SCORGIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Bill SCORGIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John SCOTT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Colin SEATON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert SELBIE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael SERINK<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael SHORT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Richard SKINNER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">William SMITH<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James SPEIRS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Kenneth STEPHENSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Thomas STIRLING<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Malcolm STOREY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James STOTT<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Jurgen STWERKA<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Stuart SUTHERLAND<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Terrence SUTTON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander Ronald TAYLOR<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alistair THOMPSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert VERNON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John WAKEFIELD<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Michael WALKER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Bryan WARD<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Gareth WATKIN<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Francis WATSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alexander WHIBLEY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Kevan WHITE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Robert WHITELEY<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Graham WHYTE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">James WHYTE<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Alan WICKS<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">Paul WILLIAMSON<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">David WISER<\/div>\n    <div class=\"mh-memorial__name\" role=\"listitem\">John WOODCOCK<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Incident dossier Piper Alpha Disaster (1988) A technical narrative of failure, escalation, and regulatory change. Written as an engineering case study \u2014 not a blog summary. Offshore Process safety Major accident On this page The story What happened Escalation Barrier failures Emergency response What changed Official sources Date: 6\u20137 July 1988 Location: North Sea (UKCS) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":199,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","c2c-post-author-ip":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8831,10,42,933,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47518","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-accidents-safety","category-bridge","category-learning-from-incidents","category-maritime-history","category-offshore"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47518","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/199"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=47518"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47518\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47531,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/47518\/revisions\/47531"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=47518"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=47518"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/maritimehub.co.uk\/?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=47518"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}