Shore Power

Contents

1. Introduction to Shore Power
2. Infrastructure Requirements for Shore Power
3. Types of Shore Power Systems
4. Shore Power Requirements for Different Vessels
5. Power Requirements for Cruise Ships in Port
6. Major Shore Power Projects Worldwide
7. Conclusion
8. References

1. Introduction to Shore Power

Shore power, also known as “cold ironing” or “alternative maritime power (AMP),” refers to the process of providing electrical power to a ship at berth while its main and auxiliary engines are turned off. This practice significantly reduces emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases by utilizing cleaner energy sources from the shore grid instead of the ship’s onboard generators. The rise of shore power in the maritime industry is driven by increasing environmental regulations and the push for greener ports.

2. Infrastructure Requirements for Shore Power

The implementation of shore power infrastructure requires substantial investment and coordination. Key infrastructure components include:

• Shore Power Supply Stations: These stations provide the electrical connection between the port and the ship. They must be capable of supplying power at the necessary voltage and frequency.
• Cabling and Connectors: Specialized high-capacity cables and connectors are needed to transfer power from the shore station to the vessel.
• Onboard Equipment: Ships need to be retrofitted with compatible electrical systems, including transformers and switchboards, to accept shore power.
• Control Systems: Advanced control systems are required to manage the power transfer process, ensuring synchronization between the shore power supply and the ship’s electrical systems.

3. Types of Shore Power Systems

Shore power systems can vary based on the type of vessels they serve and the specific requirements of the ports. The main types include:

• Low-Voltage Shore Power: Typically used for smaller vessels such as fishing boats, tugs, and ferries. These systems provide power at standard voltages of 400-480V.
• High-Voltage Shore Power: Designed for larger vessels, including container ships, tankers, and cruise ships. These systems deliver power at higher voltages, usually between 6.6 kV and 11 kV, to meet the significant power demands of large ships.
• Frequency Conversion Systems: Necessary in ports where the shore power frequency differs from the ship’s operating frequency (e.g., 50 Hz onshore and 60 Hz onboard). These systems convert the power to a compatible frequency before it is supplied to the vessel.

4. Shore Power Requirements for Different Vessels

The power requirements for vessels vary significantly depending on their size and function:

• Cargo Ships: These vessels require shore power systems capable of delivering between 1-4 MW of power.
• Tanker Ships: Similar to cargo ships, tankers also require substantial power, often in the range of 2-5 MW.
• Cruise Ships: Cruise ships have the highest power demands while in port, often requiring between 8-12 MW due to their extensive hotel-like facilities.
• Ferries and Smaller Vessels: These vessels have lower power requirements, generally in the range of 0.5-2 MW.

5. Power Requirements for Cruise Ships in Port

Cruise ships, due to their size and the amenities they provide, have significant power needs even when docked. Typical power requirements for a cruise ship while in port include:

• HVAC Systems: Maintaining comfortable temperatures and air quality for passengers and crew.
• Lighting and Electronics: Powering lighting systems, electronic devices, and entertainment systems.
• Galley Operations: Running kitchen equipment and food storage facilities.
• Water Treatment: Operating onboard water treatment and sewage systems.

6. Major Shore Power Projects Worldwide

Several ports around the world have made significant investments in shore power infrastructure:

• Port of Los Angeles, USA: One of the pioneers in implementing shore power, the port has extensive shore power capabilities for container ships and cruise ships. The project significantly reduces emissions and improves air quality in the surrounding areas.
• Port of Rotterdam, Netherlands: Known for its advanced maritime infrastructure, Rotterdam has invested heavily in shore power systems for various types of vessels, including inland barges and large ocean-going ships.
• Port of Shanghai, China: As part of its green port initiative, Shanghai has developed shore power facilities to reduce the environmental impact of its massive shipping activities.
• Port of Vancouver, Canada: Vancouver has implemented shore power for cruise ships and container vessels, contributing to its reputation as a leader in sustainable port operations.
• Port of Gothenburg, Sweden: Gothenburg has been at the forefront of shore power implementation in Europe, with facilities serving multiple types of vessels.

7. Conclusion

The rise of shore power in the maritime industry represents a significant step towards reducing the environmental impact of shipping. By investing in the necessary infrastructure and adopting advanced shore power systems, ports around the world are making strides towards cleaner, more sustainable operations. These efforts not only benefit the environment but also improve the quality of life for communities living near busy ports.

8. References

• ABB Marine & Ports: Shore Connection Systems
• Port of Los Angeles: Shore Power
• Port of Rotterdam: Shore Power Initiatives
• Port of Vancouver: Shore Power at Canada Place
• Port of Gothenburg: Shore Power

By understanding the infrastructure requirements, types of systems, and the significant investments being made globally, maritime professionals can better appreciate the importance and benefits of shore power in modern port operations.